Summary
Task1: LAN Topologies
- Start Topology :
- Devices are individually connected via a central networking device (Hub/switch)
- Scalable & Reliable
- Comparatively expensive than other topologies
- Prone to failure — albeit reduced i.e.if the hub/switch fails, devices will not be able to send/receive data. - Bus Topology:
- Becomes slow and bottlenecked if devices within the topology are simultaneously requesting data.
- Difficult to troubleshoot
- Easier and cost-efficient
- Redundancy in place in case of failures - Ring Topology ( token topology )
- Device connected forms a loop
- Date travels across the loop until it reaches its destination
- Unidirectional
- Easy to troubleshoot
- Less prone to bottlenecks - Router :
- Connect networks and pass data between them
- Creates a path between networks to deliver data - Switch :
- Devices within a network used to aggregate multiple other devices
- Connect a large number of devices by having ports of 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, and 64 for devices to plug into.
- Use packet switching to break down pieces of data into smaller, more manageable chunks of data called packets.
# What does LAN stand for?
Local Area Network # What is the verb given to the job that Routers perform?
Routing# What technology do Switches use to break large pieces of data into smaller, more manageable packets?
Packet Switching# What topology is cost-efficient to set up?
Bus Topology# What topology is expensive to set up and maintain?
Start Topology # Complete the interactive lab attached to this task. What is the flag given at the end?
THM{TOPOLOGY_FLAWS}
Task 2: A Primer on Subnetting
Subnetting is splitting up a network into smaller, miniature networks within itself.
IP address — 4 octet — 32 bits — 8 bit for each octet.
Network Address: It is the start of the actual network
Default /Broadcast Address: It is the end of the actual network
Host Address: An IP address here is used to identify a device on the subnet
# What is the technical term for dividing a network up into smaller pieces?
Subnetting # How many bits are in a subnet mask?
32# What is the range of a section (octet) of a subnet mask?
0-255# What address is used to identify the start of a network?
Network Address# What address is used to identify devices within a network?
host address# What is the name used to identify the device responsible for sending data to another network?
Default Gateway
Task 3: The ARP Protocol
- Address Resolution protocol: responsible for allowing devices to identify themselves on a network
- Associated with MAC address
- Working
# What does ARP stand for?
Address Resolution protocol# What category of ARP Packet asks a device whether or not it has a specific IP address?
Request# What address is used as a physical identifier for a device on a network?
MAC Address# What address is used as a logical identifier for a device on a network?
IP Address
Task 4 : The DHCP Protocol
it is used to automatically assign IP address
# What type of DHCP packet is used by a device to retrieve an IP address?
DHCP Discover# What type of DHCP packet does a device send once it has been offered an IP address by the DHCP server?
DHCP REQUEST# Finally, what is the last DHCP packet that is sent to a device from a DHCP server?
DHCP ACK
